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In India water harvesting has been practised since time immemorial. References of this practice are found in ancient religions texts and history. Archaeological evidence of elaborate water storage and supply systems are found for periods dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization (3000-1500 B.C.) to as recent as 19th century A.D. During the last about 100 years, the objectives and focus of water harvesting have undergone considerable change through the basic techniques of design and construction have remained almost the same. At present most water harvesting structures are built under the holistic programme of watershed development which addresses the key issues of domestic water supply for individual households and small communities in remote areas, improving agricultural production in rain fed areas, reclamation of degraded lands, rejuvenating defunct local streams, soil conservation, improving biomass and providing more livelihood options for the poor especially women. Beneficiaries and the local community organizations are fully involved in planning, design, construction and management of watershed development projects.
